Oil shale gas Revolution did change politics, economy, science and technology of the world.

A revolutionary exploration of oil shale is taking place every day throughout the world, altering the balance of the energy powers. This is considered extremely important development, historic stature, contribute greatly to reducing oil prices, bringing overall benefits to many countries and people.

 SO, WHAT IS SHALE GAS?

The formation of oil and gas derived from hundreds of millions of years ago when bodies of organisms sink under the sea and buried very deep in the ground, forming layers of organic sedimentation sludge. Year after year, this process continued, the layers of organic sedimentation sludge mixed with sediment and much other material continue buried deeper and form fine-grained shale layers.

As much sediment overlap, the more big-pressure environment and high temperatures, which makes organic sedimentation sludge layer is altered, the formation of oil and gas (referred to as oil and gas), weave in the pervious layer and high porosity, and cornered about where the lower pressure to form pockets of crude oil and natural gas that humans have been mined for more than the last 100 years.This is called traditional petroleum (conventional oil & gas)

But, when the depth is not sufficient to create pressure and high temperature and in the rocks of low porosity and permeability, the compressor can not focus on one spot that accumulates in the small holes, not connected, are interspersed between layers of slate. This shale layers are usually located at a depth of approximately more than 1-6 km into the Earth, depending on each geological region. Oil and gas are formed in such a State is called oil and gas trapped in shale, known as shale gas (shale gas & oil) or non-traditional oil and gas (unconventional oil & gas).

Hydraulic pump system used in oil and gas exploration technique in Slate.

WHO IS THE FATHER OF TECHNICAL EXPLOITATION OF OIL SHALE GAS?

In fact, one has to know about the oil shale gas for so long but didn’t know how to harness it effectively and less costly. At the end of the seventies of the twentieth century, a petroleum engineer who lives in Houston, Texas, USA to name George Mitchell pioneered technical development fragments hydraulic (hydraulic fracturing) combines horizontal drilling technology (horizontal drilling).

The process of extraction of oil shale gas include the main stages as follows:

The first drilling straight down from 1-3 km depending on the depth of the seams of shale contains petroleum. Often this depth deeper than the Lode.

With horizontal drilling techniques, drills are cracked crab angle 90 degrees and continue to drill horizontally into the shale circuit from 1-2 km depending on the width of seams. The latest pipe and cement filling of the wells similar to conventional oil and gas extraction is conducted continuously.

After the well had it, people use a special device to each zone isolation one of horizontal drilling and made the little holes on the both the shale wells detonated the explosives contained in the device.

A mixture of solution consisting of water, sand and chemicals (including water and sand makes up to 99.5%) were being pumped straight down horizontal wells with high pressure. Chemical ingredients in this mixture are usually companies that provide drilling services to security as the secret profession.

Under high pressure, the mixture of solution being pushed into the small hole on the rigs, direct contact with slate and causing broken shale structure formed a rift li ti on in all directions. Can imagine the rift li ti with the image of a roots roots that radiate in all directions in the ground.

When the pump stops, the mixture of solution will be drawn up, but the sand is present in the mixture of solution have been pushed into the fissure li ti of slate and will be trapped in it when the water retreated. The width of this higher crevices for only about few mm.

Oil and gas will follow the rift this move upward and are filtering on the ground by the same methods as applied to traditional petroleum.

The cost for a non-traditional drilling on about 6 million USD (about 120 billion US dollars) in the u.s. depending on the depth and geological characteristics of each region. The cost will decrease over time as additional techniques are developed and highly effective.

Drilling techniques of engineer George Mitchell was considered the greatest discovery in the field of energy of the XXI century.

Model exploration of oil shale.

IMPORTANCE OF OIL SHALE GAS

Thanks to outstanding achievements in engineering exploitation of oil shale should America soon surpassed other countries in this field. From 2005-2013, production of shale oil and gas exploration of America grew from 5% up to 35% of the total volume of oil and gas exploitation in the country.According to estimates of the International Energy Agency (IEA), oil shale gas reserves of around 58 billion barrels, accounting for one fourth of the country’s oil reserves, while the world of shale oil, accounting for only 1/10 of reserves.

McKinsey Research Institute forecast, oil shale gas industry will help us GDP increased by an average of 4% per annum (equivalent to 690 billion US), to 2.1 million jobs and contribute 74 billion tax money to the budget of the United States in 2012. 2020, forecasts the industry will bring Us more than 3 million new jobs.

More formidable, thanks to scientific and technological progress should the cost of production of shale oil and gas the United States on a steady, helps increasing extraction yields. In particular, the cost of production of shale oil and gas from 60 per barrel of 2014 are forecast to hit not just the brakes on 12 per barrel by the end of 2015. Therefore, the crude oil price, although down to 30 dollars per barrel, the U.s. still has interest in tapping.

Fuel prices left a huge impact on the economy of each country. Once fuel prices rising, the public will be the benefit: reduced transport rates, food prices rising, the cost of living rising On the other hand, countries would master the technology of extraction of oil shale gas will keep ahead on a map of world politics.